School Programs in Speech-Language Pathology: Organization and Service Delivery

School Programs in Speech-Language Pathology: Organization and Service Delivery, Seventh Edition is an essential resource students, faculty, school-based practitioners, and program administrators who strive to make a difference in the school setting. The text provides practical solutions and strategies to tackle the challenges faced in the complex and ever-changing education landscape. The authors aim to stimulate new ways of thinking about the critical role speech-language pathologists (SLP) play in children's education and social development. It provides a foundation for understanding where SLP programs fit within the school organization. SLPs will be motivated to collaborate with colleagues, lead discussions about the link between communication and learning, and introduce innovative models for delivering services. School Programs encourages SLPs to embrace their positions on school teams, share knowledge to make services educationally relevant and help children reach their highest potential.

Discussions of important topics include the historical foundation of speech-language services in schools, and a fresh perspective on many of the practices and processes. A brief overview is provided of legislation that has impacted education and our profession. The book also summarizes the specific requirements, certifications, and licenses that ensure quality preparation and oversight for a career as an educational SLP. The author explains educational organizations and provided an overview of public legislation and laws that have had the greatest impact on special education, including SLP programs. strategies are suggested for time management and establishing program, personal, and intervention goals. The importance of establishing personal or program improvement goals and actions is reinforced. The applicability of technology and digital tools are discussed for managing workload and compliance activities, as well as for speech-language interventions. Emerging directions and guidelines are explained for service delivery via telepractice solutions.

List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface
Acknowledgements

Chapter 1. Evolution of Speech-Language Pathology Services in Schools

Tracing Our Roots
The Michigan Story
Early Development
Expanding Our Scope of Practice
The “Quiet Revolution”
Federal Legislation Fosters Change
The PARC Case
Mainstreaming
United States Department of Education
Education Reform and Federal Legislation
What’s in a Name?
Evolution of Speech-Language Pathology Services
Today’s SLPs Wear Multiple Hats
Revolutionary Responses to Complex Challenges

Chapter 2. Career Path to Becoming an SLP

Career Path with Growth Along the Way
Code of Ethics
Ethics Issues in Schools
Personal and Professional Qualifications
Professional Credentials
Nurturing Professional Relationships

Chapter 3. Foundations of School Speech-Language Pathology Programs

Our American Educational System
School Organizational Structure
Public Laws Guiding Speech-Language Service Delivery
Accountability
Inclusive Education
Parents Make Great Partners
Trends in School Reform Through the Years
Continuous Improvement: Priorities and Goals from 2000-2026
Setting Educational Standards
Confirming Student Success
SLP Caseload Composition
Public School Funding

Chapter 4. SLPs Lead and Manage

Leaders Cultivate Change
Impressive Initiatives
Basic Program Management Principles
School SLPs’ Roles and Responsibilities
The Many Faces of Management
Manage Program Development and Change
Develop Program Goals and Objectives
Manage Work Responsibilities and Time
Professional Development Plans
Quality Improvement

Chapter 5. Tools of the Trade

Designated Space for SLP Programs
Special Consideration for Special Populations
Encourage Observations
Tools: Technology, Equipment, Materials, and Supplies
Integrate Advanced Technology
Employ Technology For Intervention and Service Delivery
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems (AAC)
Introduce Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPA)
Virtual Service Delivery
Select Intervention Materials Based on Goals
Incorporate Classroom Instructional Materials
Integrate Multimedia Materials
Surf the Web
Assistive Listening Devices
Assess Quality and Applicability
Organize Materials and Intervention Activities
Maintain Inventory Records
Budget Wisely

Chapter 6. Outcomes, Accountability, Compliance

Outcomes and Impact in School Services
School Speech-Language Services Outcomes Framework
I. Student Outcomes
Report Progress
II. Partnership Outcomes
III. Program And System Outcomes
Compliance is Required
Meeting HIPAA And FERPA Requirements
Reflect On Your Program And Services
Risk Management Plan

Chapter 7. Establishing the Caseload

The SLP’s Workload and Caseload
SLPs’ Work Responsibilities
Establish a Common Foundation
Prereferral Process
Identify Students With Disabilities
Referrals for Speech-Language Evaluation
Screening Services
Assessment
Multifactored Evaluation
SLP’s Responsibility Multifactored Assessment
Scan And Analyze The Environment And People In The Environment
Eligibility For Speech-Language Services
Classification Of Procedures And Communication Disorders
Caseload Composition and Size
Rating Functional Communication
Clinical Judgment
Match the Right Student with the Right Services and Interventions
Service Completion: When Students Exit Therapy
Who Determines Eligibility Or Dismissal?
Placement Team’s Role
Ethical Responsibility
Reference

Chapter 8. Match Students with the Right Services

What’s So Special About Special Ed Services?
Continuum of Services for Students with Disabilities
Inclusion Is Important
SLP Services within the Continuum
Service Delivery Characteristics
Key Service Delivery Variables
Range Of Service Delivery Approaches
Match Service Delivery to Individual Student’s Needs
Determine Dosage: Amount, Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of Intervention Services
PAC Framework For Determining Service Delivery
Multi-Tiered System Of Support (MTSS)
Response-To-Intervention (RtI): Prevention and Pre-Referral MTSS Components
Coordinate Services
Specialized Services
Virtual Delivery
Scheduling Configurations
Coordinate To Plan Schedules

Chapter 9. Educationally Relevant Services

Educational Relevance—What an Important Concept!
Plan Individualized Education Programs
A Framework for Planning
Develop An Individualized Education Program
The IEP Team
Individualized Education Programs (IEP)
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)—After Age 14
Identify the Appropriate Assessment and Treatment Approach
Align with Curriculum Standards
Modify the Instructional Environment
Make Speech-Language Intervention Relevant to the Student’s Educational Needs
Implement a Logic Model
Focus on Impact
Universal Design for Learnings
Plan and Evaluate Sessions
Motivate Students
Confirm Effectiveness
Address the Needs of Special Populations
Literacy (Reading and Written Language Disorders)
Cultural and Linguistically Diverse Populations
Neurodiverse Learners
Attention Deficit and Central Auditory Processing Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Behavior Problems and Disorders
Childhood Trauma, Anxiety, Chronic Stress
Complex Communication Disabilities
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Hearing Impairments
Working with Adolescents
Treating Children in Groups
Counseling
Preventing Communication Problems
Effective Team Engagement

Chapter 10. Outcomes and Impact Matter: Create Strong Partnerships

Benefits of Collaborating and Consulting
Interprofessional Education, Practice, and Collaboration (IPE, IPP, IPC)
Five Challenges to Successful Collaboration
School Culture and Collaboration
Knowledge and Attitudes
Foster Effective Engagement
Specialized Instructional Support Personnel (SISP)
Teachers
Special Education Teachers
Educational Audiologists
Speech-Language Pathology Assistants (SLPAs) Or Paraprofessionals
School Psychologists
Occupational Therapists (OT)
Physical Therapists (PT)
Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA)
Social Workers
Bilingual Educators And ESL Teachers
Guidance Counselors
School Nurses
Health And Physical Education Teachers
Engage the Family
Connect with Parent Groups
Involve Siblings
Consider Family Situations
Monitor for Student Satisfaction
Maintain Ongoing Communication With Collaborative Partners
Community Information Program

Chapter 11. Experience Life As A School SLP

University Externship Programs
Goals for the School Extern Experience
The School Externship Team
Laying Groundwork to Achieve Success
Take Charge! Make The Most of Your Experience
Competency-Based Evaluation
ASHA Certification and State Licensure Requirements
A Word of Advice

Chapter 12. Launch Your Career Journey

Access Support and Resources
Expand Your Expertise
Identify Evidence-Based Intervention and Services
Advocate To Influence Decision-Makers
Be A Grassroots Advocate
Professional Liability Insurance
School Unions
Find Your Dream Job: Where to Begin?
Be Systematic in Your Search
Obtain Required Clearances and Immunizations
Maximize Your Clinical Fellowship Experience
Alternative Career Paths
Maintain A Work-Life Balance
Best Of Luck!

Appendix A. University Outreach Committee (UOC) Professional Resource Document for the Roles and Responsibilities of the School-based SLP
Appendix B. Sample Individualized Education Program (IEP)
Appendix C. Sample of Common Core State Standards

References
Index

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